1. Power supply system

汽車電源系統(tǒng)的功能主要是發(fā)電、儲電、供電。其包括兩個部分：蓄電池、發(fā)電機及調(diào)節(jié)器。當發(fā)動機不工作或轉(zhuǎn)速低于發(fā)電機發(fā)電轉(zhuǎn)速時，由蓄電池供電；當發(fā)動機超過某一轉(zhuǎn)速時，發(fā)電機發(fā)出電能，在向用電設備供電的同時，也給蓄電池充電（儲電）。調(diào)節(jié)器的作用是在發(fā)電機發(fā)電時保持其輸出電壓的穩(wěn)定。

The main functions of automobile power supply system are power generation, power storage and power supply. It consists of two parts: battery, generator and regulator. When the engine does not work or the speed is lower than the generator speed, the power is supplied by the battery; When the engine exceeds a certain speed, the generator sends out electric energy to supply power to the electric equipment and charge the battery (store electricity). The function of the regulator is to keep the output voltage stable when the generator generates electricity.

2．用電設備

2. Electrical equipment

用電設備主要由以下幾個系統(tǒng)組成。

Electrical equipment is mainly composed of the following systems.

（1）起動系統(tǒng)。

(1) Start the system.

起動系統(tǒng)用來起動發(fā)動機，主要包括起動機及其控制電路。

The starting system is used to start the engine, mainly including the starter and its control circuit.

（2）點火系統(tǒng)。

(2) Ignition system.

點火系統(tǒng)用來產(chǎn)生電火花，點燃汽油機氣缸中的可燃混合氣。它有傳統(tǒng)點火系統(tǒng)、電子點火系統(tǒng)和微機控制點火系統(tǒng)之分。 傳統(tǒng)點火系統(tǒng)包括蓄電池、點火開關(guān)、點火線圈和附加電阻、分電器（斷電器、配電器、容電器、點火提前調(diào)節(jié)裝置）、火花塞、高壓導線等。 電子點火系統(tǒng)包括蓄電池、點火開關(guān)、點火線圈、信號發(fā)生器、點火控制器、點火器、火花塞、高壓導線等。 微機控制點火系統(tǒng)包括蓄電池、點火開關(guān)、傳感器（包括曲軸位置、凸輪軸位置等）、發(fā)動機

The ignition system is used to produce electric spark and ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder of gasoline engine. It can be divided into traditional ignition system, electronic ignition system and microcomputer controlled ignition system. Traditional ignition systems include batteries, ignition switches, ignition coils and additional resistors, distributor (electrical interruptors, distribution devices, electrical appliances, ignition advance adjustment devices), spark plugs, high-voltage wires, etc. Electronic ignition system includes battery, ignition switch, ignition coil, signal generator, ignition controller, igniter, spark plug, high voltage wire, etc. The microcomputer controlled ignition system includes battery, ignition switch, sensor (including crankshaft position, camshaft position, etc.) and engine

3 控制計算機、執(zhí)行器（包括點火線圈、點火控制器、火花塞等）。

3 control computer, actuator (including ignition coil, ignition controller, spark plug, etc.).

（3）照明、信號裝置。

(3) Lighting and signal devices.

照明系統(tǒng)提供車輛夜間安全行駛、工作等的照明，包括車外和車內(nèi)的照明燈具。 信號裝置提供安全行車所必需的信號，包括音響信號和燈光信號兩類。

The lighting system provides lighting for safe driving and working of vehicles at night, including lighting lamps outside and inside the vehicle. Signal devices provide signals necessary for safe driving, including sound signals and light signals.

（4）儀表及報警裝置。

(4) Instruments and alarm devices.

儀表及報警裝置用來監(jiān)測發(fā)動機及汽車的工作情況，使駕駛員能夠通過儀表及報警裝置，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車各總成運行的各種參數(shù)和異常情況，確保汽車正常運行。它主要包括車速里程表、發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速表、水溫表、燃油表、電壓（電流）表、機油壓力表、氣壓表、各種報警燈、蜂鳴器等。

The instrument and alarm device are used to monitor the working conditions of the engine and the car, so that the driver can timely find various parameters and abnormal conditions of the car's assembly operation through the instrument and alarm device, so as to ensure the normal operation of the car. It mainly includes speedometer, engine tachometer, water temperature meter, fuel meter, voltage (current) meter, oil pressure meter, barometer, various alarm lights, buzzer, etc.

（5）輔助電氣設備。

(5) Auxiliary electrical equipment.

輔助電氣設備包括電動風扇、車窗清潔裝置（刮水器、洗滌器、除霜裝置）、電動車窗、電動座椅、電動后視鏡、汽車防盜裝置、汽車空調(diào)、汽車音像系統(tǒng)等。輔助電氣設備有日益增多的趨勢，主要向舒適、娛樂、保障安全等方面發(fā)展。車輛的豪華程度越高，輔助電氣設備就越多。

Auxiliary electrical equipment includes electric fan, window cleaning device (wiper, washer, defroster), electric window, electric seat, electric rearview mirror, car anti-theft device, car air conditioner, car audio-visual system, etc. Auxiliary electrical equipment has an increasing trend, mainly to comfort, entertainment, security and other aspects of development. The more luxurious the vehicle is, the more auxiliary electrical equipment there will be.

（6）汽車電子控制系統(tǒng)。

(6) Automobile electronic control system.

汽車電子控制系統(tǒng)主要指利用微機控制的各個系統(tǒng)，包括電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)、電控點火系統(tǒng)、電控自動變速系統(tǒng)、制動防抱死系統(tǒng)、電控懸架系統(tǒng)、自動巡航系統(tǒng)、安全氣囊等。電控系統(tǒng)的采用可以使汽車上的各個系統(tǒng)均處于工作狀態(tài)，達到提高汽車動力性、經(jīng)濟性、安全性、舒適性，降低汽車污染排放的目的。

Automotive electronic control system mainly refers to various systems controlled by microcomputer, including electronic fuel injection system, electronic ignition system, electronic automatic transmission system, anti lock braking system, electronic suspension system, automatic cruise system, airbag, etc. The use of electronic control system can make every system in the car in the best working state, to improve the car power, economy, safety, comfort, reduce vehicle pollution emissions.

3．全車電路及配電裝置

3. Whole vehicle circuit and power distribution device

全車電路及配電裝置包括接線盒、保險裝置、繼電器、電線束及插接件、電路開關(guān)等，使全車電路構(gòu)成一個統(tǒng)一的整體。 本教材除了涉及傳統(tǒng)電氣設備中的電子控制裝置外，僅對諸如電控燃油噴射、電子控制自動變速器、制動防抱死等系統(tǒng)進行簡單介紹。

The whole vehicle circuit and power distribution device include central junction box, safety device, relay, wire harness and connector, circuit switch, etc., which make the whole vehicle circuit form a unified whole. In addition to the electronic control devices in the traditional electrical equipment, this textbook only introduces the electronic control fuel injection, electronic control automatic transmission, anti lock braking and other systems.